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Catherine Dawson - Introduction to Research Methods: A Practical Guide for Anyone Undertaking a Research Project
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2009, 177 p.
This practical, down-to-earth guide is for researchers, students, community groups, charities or employees - in fact anyone who needs to put together research projects quickly and effectively. It contains everything from developing your idea into a proposal, through to analysing data and reporting results. Whether you have to undertake a project as part of your coursework, or as part of your employment, or simply because you are fascinated by something you have observed and want to find out more, this book offers you advice on how to turn your ideas into a workable project. Specifically it will show you how to: - choose your research methods - choose your participants - prepare a research proposal - construct questionnaires - conduct interviews and focus groups - analyse your data - report your findings - be an ethical researcher.
1
How to Define Your Project 1
Asking questions 1
Thinking about your project 4
Understanding the five ‘Ws’ 5
Summarising your research 8
Summary 13
Useful websites 13
2
How to Decide Upon a Methodology 14
Recognising qualitative and quantitative research 14
Understanding the methodological debate 15
Choosing a methodology 16
Summary 23
Further reading 23
3
How to Choose Your Research Methods 27
Using interviews 27
Conducting focus groups 29
Using questionnaires 30
Undertaking participant observation 32
Choosing your methods 33
Summary 37
Further reading 38
4
How to Conduct Background Research 40
Conducting primary and secondary research 40
Using websites 42
Using interlibrary loans 44
Keeping records 44
Summary 46
Further reading 47
5
How to Choose Your Participants 48
Understanding sampling techniques 48
Choosing your sample size 54
Summary 55
Further reading 56
6
How to Prepare a Research Proposal 57
Understanding the format 57
The contents of a proposal 58
What makes a good proposal? 63
Reasons why research proposals fail 64
Summary 65
Further reading 65
7
How to Conduct Interviews 66
Methods of recording 66
Developing an interview schedule 70
Establishing rapport 73
Asking questions and probing for information 74
Completing the interview 76
Summary 77
Further reading 78
8
How to Conduct Focus Groups 79
The role of the moderator 79
Recording equipment 81
Choosing a venue 84
Recruiting your participants 85
Summary 87
Further reading 88
9
How to Construct Questionnaires 89
Deciding which questionnaire to use 89
Wording and structure of questions 91
Length and ordering of questions 96
Piloting the questionnaire 98
Obtaining a high response 100
Summary 102
Further reading 103
10
How to Carry Out Participant Observation 105
Places of study 105
Gaining access 106
Acting ethically 107
Collecting and analysing information 109
Withdrawing from the field 111
Summary 112
Further reading 113
11
How to Analyse Your Data 114
Deciding which approach to use 114
Analysing qualitative data 115
Analysing quantitative data 125
Measuring data 130
Summary 132
Further reading 133
12
How to Report Your Findings 134
Writing reports 134
Structuring reports 137
Writing journal articles 143
Producing oral presentations 146
Summary 146
Further reading 148
13
How to be an Ethical Researcher 149
Treating participants with respect 149
Recognising overt and covert research 150
Producing a code of ethics 153
Summary 157
Further reading 158
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